This means that for approximately two thousand years, there was at least one head of state bearing his name. The last Tsar in nominal power was Simeon II of Bulgaria, whose reign ended in 1946, but is still alive in 2023.

Further information: War of Mutina, Second Triumvirate, and Liberators' civil war Marc Antony's Oration at Caesar's Funeral by George Edward Robertson (late 19th or early 20th century). The stories were repeated, referring to Caesar as the " Queen of Bithynia", by some Roman politicians as a way to humiliate him. Other contemporary sources include the letters and speeches of Cicero and the historical writings of Sallust. Bonaparte did not focus only on Caesar's military career but also on his relation with the masses, a predecessor to populism. In Greek, during Caesar's time, his family name was written Καίσαρ ( Kaísar), reflecting its contemporary pronunciation.They then reached a compromise where Caesar would resign his priesthood but keep his wife and chattels; Sulla's alleged remark he saw "in [Caesar] many Mariuses" [15] is apocryphal. Brutus became the first consul, since he had expelled the kings; This man [Caesar] at last became king, since he had expelled the consuls", on a statue of Caesar. I think it’s important for us to be making content that fills out a genre and fills out options for people. Cato had marched to Africa [174] and there Metellus Scipio was in charge of the remaining republicans; they allied with Juba of Numidia; what used to be Pompey's fleet also raided the central Mediterranean islands.

By this point he had started preparations for war on the Parthians to avenge Crassus' death at Carrhae in 53 BC, with wide-ranging objectives that would take him into Dacia for three or more years. In the autumn, Cicero and others sought disarmament by both Caesar and Pompey, and on 1 December 50 BC this was formally proposed in the Senate. Simply put: A fetish is a particular stimulus (feet, gas masks, certain items of clothing), while a kink is just something you’re into (bondage, spanking, etc. The Senate was also persuaded to assign to Caesar Transalpine Gaul as well, subject to annual renewal, most likely to control his ability to make war on the far side of the Alps.

These achievements and the support of his veteran army threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey, who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC. Some ancient sources refer to the possibility of the tyrannicide, Marcus Junius Brutus, being one of Julius Caesar's illegitimate children.

See also Appendix 4 in the same book, analysing the conflict between Caesar and Pompey in terms of a Prisoner's dilemma.

It is very homogeneous/ hetero-normative and being in a catholic institution is not the easiest environment for queer students. Caesar's main objectives were to secure a second consulship – first mooted in 52 as colleague to Pompey's sole consulship [147] – and a triumph. The holdings are maintained by founder and archivist Ron Dutton, who operates the archives out of his home. notes that senators may have wanted to curry favour or otherwise, by giving him excessive honours, show the public Caesar's tyrannical ambitions. This guy is kinky — he has “unconventional” sexual tastes, at least by vanilla people’s standards — but he is not into BDSM.

Similarly extraordinary were a number of symbolic honours which saw Caesar's image put onto Roman coinage – the first for a living Roman – with special rights to wear royal dress, sit atop a golden chair in the Senate, and have his statues erected in public temples. He also increased the number of magistrates and senators (from 600 to 900) to better administer the empire and reward his supporters with offices. Caesar then moved to extend his agrarian bill to Campania some time in May; this may be when Bibulus withdrew to his house.There, he issued edicts in absentia, purporting unprecedentedly to cancel all days on which Caesar or his allies could hold votes for religious reasons. The religious taboos of the priesthood would have forced Caesar to forego a political career; the appointment – one of the highest non-political honours – indicates that there were few expectations of a major career for Caesar. In 63 BC, Caesar stood for the praetorship and also for the post of pontifex maximus, [41] who was the head of the College of Pontiffs and the highest ranking state religious official. Caesar, claiming that the two tribunes infringed on his honour by doing so, had them deposed from office and ejected from the Senate. Caesar, after capturing communication routes to Rome, paused and opened negotiations, but they fell apart amid mutual distrust.